| 1. | In the past five years , the bank of japan has not just kept interest rates at zero but also flooded the markets in tokyo with 30 trillion yen ( roughly $ 300 billion ) of excess reserves every night
在过去五年内，日本的银行不但保持零利率而且还以每天30万亿日元（约合3千亿美元）的超大储量充盈东京市场。
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| 2. | Banks with a small excess reserve ratio and a strategy to seek higher lending growth at the same time , such as shenzhen development bank ( 000001 . sz / rmb37 . 20 , u ) would be most negatively impacted
超额储备金率较低且努力提高贷款增速的银行，例如深发展( 000001 . sz /人民币37 . 20 ，落后大市) ，将受到此次准备金率上调的最大负面影响。
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| 3. | At the time of his sale , the governor was contemplating the biggest decision of his career , an end to “ quantitative easing ” , by which the boj had for five years flooded the banking system with excess reserves
在福井出售其股份之际，这位央行行长正在思忖其职业生涯中最大的一个决定，结束长达5年的日本央行向银行系统投放超额储备金的“定量宽松”政策。
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| 4. | " to work well , the currency board needs the support of a strong financial system , a strong fiscal policy , and a flexible economy , which can adjust to shocks without having the exchange rate as a policy tool . having large excess reserves of foreign exchange also helps , " dr fischer said
他说：若要货币发行局制度有效运作，就必须有稳健的金融体系有力的财政政策，及灵活的经济作为后盾，在面对经济冲击时，即使没有汇率这项政策工具，经济也能迅速作出调整。
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| 5. | Chapter n analyzes the present urban gas civil use in wisco , and points out that the major problems are miscalculation of fluctuating needs of users , rigid maximum production , excess reserve , and redundant pipe net transport . all these lead to the conclusion that urban gas which transcends the users needs has increased purification and transport cost
第二章，分析了武钢民用煤气输配系统的现状，对用户动态需求估计不准，按照最大能力组织生产，储备能力过剩，管网输送能力富余；指出了现行生产工艺中存在的问题，超出用户需求的煤气增加了净化成本和输送成本。
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| 6. | So , the " divisible by 9 " rule - now very much an interesting " trademark " of the pboc since it applies the rule to other policy rates , including the central bank lending rate , the rediscount rate and the rates on required and excess reserves continues to be a tradition of the financial system of the mainland
被9整除的做法已成为人行的标记，并广泛应用于其他政策利率，包括央行贷款利率再贴现利率法定存款准备金利率及超额准备金利率。这已成为内地金融体制的一个特色，要了解内地金融情况的朋友便要留意了。
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| 7. | While changes in reserve requirements can affect short - term interest rates by changing banks demand for reserves , these actions can have disruptive effects on banks since banks need time to adjust their portfolios to accommodate the changed requirements , especially if the financial markets are not fully developed and the distribution of excess reserves among banks is uneven
调整储备要求尽管可以改变银行对储备资金的需求，从而影响短期利率，但同时亦可能为银行带来不良的影响。这是由于银行需要时间调整其资产组合以符合新的储备要求。如果有关地区的金融市场尚未全面发展，或银行之间的过剩储备资金分布不均，影响则可能更甚。
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